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1 political relationship
Дипломатический термин: политические отношенияУниверсальный англо-русский словарь > political relationship
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2 political relationship
Politics english-russian dictionary > political relationship
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3 legal and political relationship
pravni i politiÄki odnosiEnglish-Croatian dictionary > legal and political relationship
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4 relationship
nотношения; взаимоотношения, взаимозависимость; связьto carry one's weight in the security relationship — нести свою часть бремени в обеспечении безопасности
to enter into a person-to-person relationship — вступать в личный контакт, устанавливать личный контакт
to inject some warmth in the chilly relationship — вносить некоторое потепление в прохладные отношения
to lay the foundations for one's new relationship — закладывать основы для новых взаимоотношений
to paper over / to patch up one's relationship — сглаживать противоречия в своих отношениях
- bilateral relationshipto reassess one's relationship — пересматривать свои отношения
- burgeoning relationship
- city-to-city relationship
- close relationship
- cordial relationship between the two countries
- disturbed relationship
- economic relationship
- equal relationship
- equitable relationship
- establishment of a normal relationship with a country
- expanding relationship
- global relationship
- harmonious relationship
- human relationship
- interindustry relationship
- intimate relationship
- kindred relationship
- labor relationship
- long relationship
- long-term relationship
- neighborly relationship
- new relationship
- new type of international relationship
- normal relationship
- operational relationship
- party-to-party relationship
- political relationship
- positive relationship with smb
- productive relationship
- relationship between church and state
- relationship between nature and society
- relationship of science and practice
- relaxed relationship
- same sex relationship
- smooth relationship
- stable relationship
- state-to-state relationship
- sterile relationship
- strains in the relationship between smb
- strategic relationship
- strengthening relationship
- strenuous relationship
- strong relationship
- trade relationships
- transatlantic relationship
- transpacific relationship
- triangular relationship
- trusting relationship
- unbreakable relationship
- uneasy relationship
- working relationship -
5 Carmona, António Óscar de Fragoso
(1869-1951)Career army officer, one of the founders of the Estado Novo (1926-74), and the longest-serving president of the republic of that regime (1926-51). Born in Lisbon in 1869, the son of a career cavalry officer, Oscar Carmona entered the army in 1888 and became a lieutenant in 1894, in the same cavalry regiment in which his father had served. He rose rapidly, and became a general during the turbulent First Republic, briefly served as minister of war in 1923, and achieved public notoriety as prosecutor for the military in one of the famous trials of military personnel in an abortive 1925 coup. General Carmona was one of the key supporters of the 28 May 1926 military coup that overthrew the unstable republic and established the initially unstable military dictatorship (1926-33), which was the political system that founded the Estado Novo (1933-74).Carmona took power as president upon the ousting of the Twenty-eighth of May coup leader, General Gomes da Costa, and guided the military dictatorship through political and economic uncertainty until the regime settled upon empowering Antônio de Oliveira Salazar with extraordinary fiscal authority as minister of finance (April 1928). Elected in a managed election based on limited male suffrage in 1928, President Carmona served as the Dictatorship's president of the republic until his death in office in 1951 at age 81. In political creed a moderate republican not a monarchist, General (and later Marshal) Carmona played an essential role in the Dictatorship, which involved a division of labor between Dr. Salazar, who, as prime minister since July 1932 was responsible for the daily management of the government, and Carmona, who was responsible for managing civil-military relations in the system, maintaining smooth relations with Dr. Salazar, and keeping the armed forces officer corps in line and out of political intervention.Carmona's amiable personality and reputation for personal honesty, correctness, and hard work combined well with a friendly relationship with the civilian dictator Salazar. Especially in the period 1928-44, in his more vigorous years in the position, Carmona's role was vital in both the political and ceremonial aspects of his job. Car-mona's ability to balance the relationship with Salazar and the pressures and demands from a sometimes unhappy army officer corps that, following the civilianization of the regime in the early 1930s, could threaten military intervention in politics and government, was central to the operation of the regime.After 1944, however, Carmona was less effective in this role. His tiring ceremonial visits around Portugal, to the Atlantic Islands, and to the overseas empire became less frequent; younger generations of officers grew alienated from the regime; and Carmona suffered from the mental and physical ailments of old age. In the meantime, Salazar assumed the lion's share of political power and authority, all the while placing his own appointees in office. This, along with the regime's political police (PVDE or PIDE), Republican National Guard, and civil service, as well as a circle of political institutions that monopolized public office, privilege, and decision making, made Carmona's role as mediator-intermediary between the career military and the largely civilian-managed system significantly less important. Increasingly feeble and less aware of events around him, Carmona died in office in April 1951 and was replaced by Salazar's chosen appointee, General (and later Marshal) Francisco Craveiro Lopes, who was elected president of the republic in a regime-managed election.Historical dictionary of Portugal > Carmona, António Óscar de Fragoso
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6 force
1. n1) сила, мощь2) действенность; действие, воздействие (соглашения, закона и т.п.)3) применение силы, насилие, принуждение4) pl войска, вооруженные силы; вооружения5) группа6) сила (производительная, политическая и т.п.); фактор7) численность8) (the Force) полиция (особ. Великобритании)•to be in force — иметь (юридическую) силу; оставаться в силе
to beef up one's military forces — укреплять свои вооруженные силы
to build up military forces — наращивать военную мощь; сосредоточивать войска
to clear rebel forces from somewhere — очищать какой-л. район от войск мятежников
to continue in force — оставаться в силе; действовать (о законе и т.п.)
to disband / to dismantle forces — демобилизовывать / распускать войска
to encourage all progressive forces (to) — поощрять / поддерживать все прогрессивные силы
to enter a city in force — брать город приступом; вводить в город крупные воинские формирования
to have no force — быть недействительным; не иметь силы
to improve one's defense forces — совершенствовать свои силы самообороны
to join forces — объединяться; объединять силы
to join forces with smb — объединять силы с кем-л.
to maintain the balance of forces — поддерживать равновесие / соотношение сил
to modernize one's forces — модернизировать свои вооруженные силы
to put in force — осуществлять, проводить в жизнь; вводить в действие
to put the armed forces on full alert — приводить вооруженные силы в состояние полной боевой готовности
to reduce conventional forces in / throughout Europe — сокращать количество войск и обычных вооружений в Европе
to remain in force — оставаться в силе, действовать (о законе и т.п.)
to reshape one's armed forces — реорганизовывать свои вооруженные силы
to resort to force — прибегать к силе / насилию
to rule a country by sheer force — управлять страной, опираясь исключительно на силу
to seek negotiated reductions in conventional forces — добиваться сокращения обычных вооружений путем переговоров
to suppress smth by brute force — подавлять что-л. грубой силой
to take recourse to force — прибегать к силе / насилию
to use force against smb — использовать силу против кого-л.
- accelerated development of productive forcesto withdraw forces from... — выводить войска из...
- active forces
- activities of forces
- actual force
- advance force
- aggressive forces
- aggressor forces
- air forces
- alignment of forces
- alliance of the forces
- allied forces
- allocation of forces
- anti-aircraft forces
- anti-colonialist forces
- anti-fascist forces
- anti-government forces
- anti-kidnap force
- anti-monopoly forces
- anti-national forces
- anti-popular forces
- anti-war forces
- armed forces of a country
- armed forces
- assault force
- Atlantic Nuclear Force - binding force
- bomber forces
- border forces
- border-security forces
- brutal force
- build-up forces
- build-up of forces
- by force
- by sheer force
- carrier striking force
- Central American task force
- character of the armed forces
- coalition forces
- combatant forces
- combined forces
- Commonwealth Military Force
- competing forces
- competition forces
- compulsory force
- conditions of entry into force
- conservative forces
- consistent force
- consolidation of all forces
- contributor to the multinational force
- Conventional Force in Europe
- conventional forces
- correlation of forces
- crack forces
- cross-border force
- crude force
- deep cuts in conventional forces
- defense forces
- democratic forces
- determining force in social development
- deterrent force
- directing force
- display of force
- disquiet in the armed forces
- division of political forces
- dominant force
- economic force
- effective forces
- elemental forces of nature
- enforcement forces - extraction force
- follow-on force
- force is not the answer
- force of a clause
- force of a treaty
- force of an agreement
- force of argument
- force of arms
- force of example
- force of law
- force of occupation
- force of public opinion
- force of weaponry
- force to be reckoned with
- forces in the field
- forces of aggression and war
- forces of flexible response
- forces of internal and external reaction
- forward-based forces
- free play of democratic forces
- full force of the treaty
- general purpose forces
- ground forces
- guiding force
- hired labor force
- IFOR
- in force
- in full force
- independent force
- inequitable relationship of forces
- influential force
- intermediate range forces
- international balance of forces
- international peace-keeping forces
- internationalist forces
- interplay of political forces
- interposing force
- invasion forces
- irregular forces
- joint NATO armed forces
- labor force
- land forces
- landing force
- lawful use of force
- leading force in smth
- leading force
- left-wing forces
- legal force
- liberation forces
- local forces
- logistical forces
- main force
- major force
- mandatory force
- manifestation of force
- material force
- member of a peace-keeping force
- military force
- monetary forces
- motive force
- moving force
- multilateral forces
- mutinous forces
- mutual non-use of military force
- national forces
- national liberation forces
- national political forces
- natural forces
- nature of forces
- naval forces
- noneconomic forces
- non-use of force
- nuclear forces
- nuclear strike force
- obligatory force of international treaties
- observer force
- occupation force
- occupying force
- of legal force
- on entry into force
- operation of market forces
- operational forces
- opposing forces
- organizing force
- pan-Arab force
- paramilitary forces
- patriotic forces
- peace forces
- Peace Implementation Force
- peace-keeping forces
- peace-safeguarding forces
- people's armed forces of liberation
- phased withdrawal of the forces
- police force
- policy of force
- political force
- posture of forces
- potent force
- powerful force
- professionally led force
- progressive forces
- pro-independence forces
- proportions of forces
- punitive forces
- quick-reaction force
- Rapid Deployment Force
- Rapid Reaction Force
- rapid-action force
- RDF
- rebel forces
- recourse to force
- reduction in the armed forces
- regional security forces
- regrouping of forces
- relationship of forces
- reserve force
- reserve of the forces
- resistance forces
- resort to force
- retaliatory forces
- revanchist forces
- revolutionary forces
- rightist forces
- right-wing forces
- rough parity of forces
- ruling forces
- sea forces
- sea-based strategic missile forces
- second-strike force
- security forces
- self-defense forces
- SFOR
- shifts in the alignment of forces - social and political forces
- social forces
- socio-political forces
- special forces
- spontaneous force
- Stabilization Force
- strategic air forces
- strategic forces
- Strategic Rocket Force
- strength of the armed forces
- strike force
- striking force
- suppression by force
- task force
- territorial force
- theater nuclear forces
- third force- TNF- ultra-right forces
- UN buffer force
- UN Emergency Force
- UN observer force
- unification of forces
- unification of the armed force under a single command
- unified forces
- unilateral cuts in smb's forces
- United Nation Protection Force
- United Nations forces
- United Nations peace-keeping forces
- unity of forces
- UNPROFOR
- use of military forces
- use of preemptive force
- vital force
- voluntary military forces
- weakening of forces
- with political forces splintering
- withdrawal of forces
- without resort to force
- work force
- world market forces 2. vзаставлять, принуждать, вынуждать -
7 break up
1. transitive verb1) (break into pieces) zerkleinern; ausschlachten [Auto]; abwracken [Schiff]; aufbrechen [Erde]2) (disband) auflösen; auseinander reißen [Familie]; zerstreuen [Menge]break it up! — (coll.) auseinander!
3) (end) zerstören [Freundschaft, Ehe]2. intransitive verb1) (break into pieces, lit. or fig.) zerbrechen; [Erde, Straßenoberfläche:] aufbrechen; [Eis:] brechen2) (disband) sich auflösen; [Schule:] schließen; [Schüler, Lehrer:] in die Ferien gehen3) (cease) abgebrochen werden; (end relationship)break up [with somebody] — sich [von jemandem] trennen
* * *1) (to divide, separate or break into pieces: He broke up the old furniture and burnt it; John and Mary broke up (= separated from each other) last week.) zerbrechen2) (to finish or end: The meeting broke up at 4.40.) zu Ende gehen* * *◆ break upI. vt1. (end)to \break up up one's friendship with sb seine Freundschaft mit jdm beendento \break up up a marriage eine Ehe zerstörento \break up up a meeting eine Versammlung auflösen [o Sitzung aufheben]to \break up up a strike einen Streik abbrechen2. (forcefully end)3. (split up)▪ to \break up up ⇆ sth etw aufspaltento \break up up a cartel/a gang/a monopoly ein Kartell/eine Bande/ein Monopol zerschlagento \break up up a coalition/a union eine Koalition/einen Zusammenschluss auflösento \break up up a collection [or set] /family eine Sammlung/Familie auseinanderreißen4. (dig up)▪ to \break up up sth etw aufbrechen5. ( fam)that show really broke me up bei der Show hab ich mich wirklich totgelacht fam; esp AM (upset emotionally) jdn aus der Fassung bringenhis wife's sudden departure broke him up completely als ihn seine Frau plötzlich verließ, ist er total zusammengebrochenII. vi3. (fall apart) auseinandergehen; coalition auseinanderbrechen; aircraft, ship zerschellen; (in air) zerbersten4. SCH schließen, aufhörenwhen do you \break up up? wann beginnen bei euch die Ferien?he broke up completely when his brother died er brach völlig zusammen, als sein Bruder starb* * *I1. vi(road, ice) aufbrechen; (ship) (in storm) zerbersten; (on rocks) zerschellen (clouds) sich lichten; (crowd, group) auseinanderlaufen; (meeting, partnership) sich auflösen; (marriage, relationship) in die Brüche gehen; (party) zum Ende kommen; (political party) sich auflösen, auseinandergehen; (friends, partners) sich trennen; (empire) auseinanderfallen; ( inf, with laughter) sich totlachen (inf)when do you break up? — wann hört bei euch die Schule auf?, wann habt ihr Ferien?
you're breaking up — ich kann Sie nicht verstehen2. vt sepground, road aufbrechen; oil slick auflösen; ship auseinanderbrechen lassen; (in breaker's yard) abwracken; estate, country, room aufteilen; paragraph, sentence unterteilen; empire auflösen; lines, expanse of colour unterbrechen; (= make more interesting) auflockern; (= bring to an end, disperse) marriage, home zerstören; meeting (police etc) auflösen; (trouble-makers) sprengen; crowd (police) zerstreuen, auseinandertreiben IIvi2) (clouds) sich lichten; (crowd, group) auseinanderlaufen; (meeting, partnership) sich auflösen; (marriage, relationship) in die Brüche gehen; (party) zum Ende kommen; (political party) sich auflösen, auseinandergehen; (friends, partners) sich trennen; (empire) auseinanderfallen; (inf, with laughter) sich totlachen (inf)3) (Brit SCH school, pupils) aufhörenwhen do you break up? — wann hört bei euch die Schule auf?, wann habt ihr Ferien?
4)vt sep5) ground, road aufbrechen; oil slick auflösen; ship auseinanderbrechen lassen; (in breaker's yard) abwracken6) estate, country, room aufteilen; paragraph, sentence unterteilen; empire auflösen; lines, expanse of colour unterbrechen; (= make more interesting) auflockern7) (= bring to an end, disperse) marriage, home zerstören; meeting (police etc) auflösen; (trouble-makers) sprengen; crowd (police) zerstreuen, auseinandertreiben* * *A v/t2. einen Haushalt etc auflösen3. die Gesundheit etc zerrütten, eine Ehe etc auch zerstören4. Wild aufbrechen, zerlegen5. eine Straße, Eis etc aufbrechen7. a) eine Sammlung zerreißenb) SPORT eine siegreiche Mannschaft etc auseinanderreißenB v/ib) SCHULE besonders Br aufhören:when do you break up?, when does your school break up? wann beginnen bei euch die Ferien?2. a) zerbrechen, auseinandergehen (Ehe etc)b) sich trennen (Ehepaar etc)c) zerfallen (Reich etc)3. sich zerteilen oder auflösen (Nebel), aufklaren, sich aufklären (Wetter, Himmel), nachlassen (Frost)4. (körperlich oder seelisch) zusammenbrechen5. aufbrechen (Straße, Eis etc)6. zerschellen (Schiff)* * *1. transitive verb1) (break into pieces) zerkleinern; ausschlachten [Auto]; abwracken [Schiff]; aufbrechen [Erde]2) (disband) auflösen; auseinander reißen [Familie]; zerstreuen [Menge]break it up! — (coll.) auseinander!
3) (end) zerstören [Freundschaft, Ehe]2. intransitive verb1) (break into pieces, lit. or fig.) zerbrechen; [Erde, Straßenoberfläche:] aufbrechen; [Eis:] brechen2) (disband) sich auflösen; [Schule:] schließen; [Schüler, Lehrer:] in die Ferien gehen3) (cease) abgebrochen werden; (end relationship)break up [with somebody] — sich [von jemandem] trennen
* * *v.auflösen (Versammlung) v.beenden v.zerbrechen v.zerschlagen v. -
8 end
end [end]1 noun(a) (furthermost part, tip, edge) bout m, extrémité f;∎ at the end of the garden au bout ou fond du jardin;∎ it's at the other end of town c'est à l'autre bout de la ville;∎ at the northern end of the park/town/lake à l'extrémité nord du parc/de la ville/du lac;∎ the rope is frayed at this end/at that end/at one end la corde est effilochée à ce bout-ci/à ce bout-là/au bout;∎ at either end of the political spectrum aux deux extrémités de l'éventail politique;∎ Telecommunications at the other end of the line au bout de la ligne;∎ from one end of the country/of the town to the other d'un bout à l'autre du pays/de la ville;∎ they live in the end house ils habitent la dernière maison, au bout de la rue;∎ third from the end troisième en partant de la fin;∎ Sport to change ends changer de côté(b) (area, aspect) côté m;∎ how are things (at) your end? comment ça va de ton côté ou pour toi?;∎ what's the weather like at your end? (in phone conversation) quel temps fait-il chez vous?, quel temps est-ce que vous avez?;∎ the marketing/manufacturing end of the operation le côté marketing/fabrication de l'opération, tout ce qui est marketing/fabrication;∎ to come to the end of the road arriver au bout de la route; figurative (in one's career) arriver au bout de sa carrière; (in one's life) arriver au bout de sa vie; (be unable to make progress) être dans une impasse;∎ this is the end of the road or line c'est fini;∎ figurative to get hold of the wrong end of the stick mal comprendre;∎ to go to the ends of the earth aller jusqu'au bout du monde;∎ to keep one's end of the bargain tenir parole;∎ to keep one's end up tenir bon;∎ he doesn't know or can't tell one end of a word processor from the other il ne sait même pas à quoi ressemble un traitement de texte;∎ to make (both) ends meet (financially) joindre les deux bouts(c) (conclusion, finish) fin f;∎ at the end of July/of spring/of the year à la fin du mois de juillet/du printemps/de l'année;∎ from beginning to end du début à la fin, de bout en bout;∎ to read to the end of a book, to read a book to the end lire un livre jusqu'au bout ou jusqu'à la fin;∎ I waited until the end of the meeting j'ai attendu la fin de la réunion;∎ to be at an end être terminé ou fini;∎ my patience is at or has come to an end ma patience est à bout;∎ to be at the end of one's resources/one's strength avoir épuisé ses ressources/ses forces;∎ Finance end of the financial year clôture f de l'exercice;∎ to come to an end s'achever, prendre fin;∎ to draw to an end arriver ou toucher à sa fin;∎ to put an end to sth mettre fin à qch;∎ we want an end to the war nous voulons que cette guerre cesse ou prenne fin;∎ the end of the world la fin du monde;∎ familiar it's not the end of the world! ce n'est pas la fin du monde!;∎ until the end of time jusqu'à la fin des temps;∎ the end is nigh la fin est proche;∎ and that was the end of that et ça s'est terminé comme ça;∎ let that be an end to the matter! qu'on en finisse là!, qu'on n'en parle plus!;∎ familiar he's/you're the end! (impossible) il est/tu es incroyable!; (extremely funny) il est/tu es trop (drôle)!;∎ to come to a bad end mal finir;∎ familiar end of story! (stop arguing) plus de discussions!; (I don't want to talk about it) un point, c'est tout!;∎ we'll never hear the end of it on n'a pas fini d'en entendre parler;∎ is there no end to his talents? a-t-il donc tous les talents?, n'y a-t-il pas de limite à ses talents?∎ to achieve or to attain one's end atteindre son but;∎ with this end in view or mind, to this end dans ce but, à cette fin;∎ formal to what end? dans quel but?, à quelle fin?;∎ for political ends à des fins politiques;∎ an end in itself une fin en soi;∎ the end justifies the means la fin justifie les moyens(e) (remnant → of cloth, rope) bout m; (→ of loaf) croûton m; (→ of candle) bout; (→ of cigarette) bout, mégot m∎ to meet one's end trouver la mort;∎ to be nearing one's end être à l'article de la mort;∎ I was with him at the end j'étais auprès de lui dans ses derniers moments(house, seat, table) du bout(speech, novel) terminer, conclure; (meeting, discussion) clore; (day) terminer, finir; (war, speculation, relationship) mettre fin ou un terme à; (work, task) terminer, finir, achever;∎ she ended the letter with a promise to write again soon elle a terminé la lettre en promettant de récrire bientôt;∎ the war to end all wars la der des ders;∎ the joke to end all jokes la meilleure blague qu'on ait jamais entendue;∎ he decided to end it all (life, relationship) il décida d'en finir;∎ she ended her days in a retirement home elle a fini ses jours dans une maison de retraite(story, film) finir, se terminer, s'achever; (path, road etc) se terminer, s'arrêter; (season, holiday) se terminer, toucher à sa fin;∎ to end happily (of story) avoir une fin heureuse, bien se terminer;∎ how or where will it all end? comment tout cela finira-t-il ou se terminera-t-il?;∎ where does society end and the individual begin? où s'arrête la société et où commence l'individu?;∎ to end in a point se terminer en pointe;∎ the discussion ended in an argument la discussion s'est terminée en dispute;∎ to end in failure/divorce se solder par un échec/un divorce;∎ the word ends in -ed le mot se termine par ou en -ed;∎ the book ends with a quotation le livre se termine par une citation;∎ it'll end in tears ça va mal finirpar le bout(a) (with ends adjacent) bout à bout(b) (from one end to another) d'un bout à l'autred'un bout à l'autrefinalement;∎ we got there in the end finalement nous y sommes arrivés, nous avons fini par y arriver;∎ he always pays me back in the end il finit toujours par me rendre ce qu'il me doit;∎ you'll get used to it in the end tu finiras par t'y habituer∎ familiar it upset her/cheered her up no end ça l'a bouleversée/ravie à un point (inimaginable);∎ it helped me no end ça m'a énormément aidé□∎ familiar it'll do you no end of good cela vous fera un bien fou;∎ to have no end of trouble doing sth avoir énormément de mal ou un mal fou ou un mal de chien à faire qch;∎ to think no end of sb porter qn aux nues;∎ we met no end of interesting people on a rencontré des tas de gens intéressants∎ to stand sth on end mettre qch debout;∎ her hair was standing on end elle avait les cheveux dressés sur la tête(b) (in succession) entier;∎ for hours/days on end pendant des heures entières/des jours entiers;∎ for four hours on end pendant quatre heures de suite ou d'affilée►► Railways end carriage wagon m de queue;Computing end key touche f fin;Technology end piece embout m;end product Industry & Commerce produit m final; figurative résultat m;end result résultat m final;American end run faux-fuyant m;end table bout m de canapé;Television & Cinema end titles générique m de fin;end zone (in American football) zone f d'en-butterminer;∎ they ended off the evening with a dance ils ont terminé la soirée par une dansefinir;∎ they ended up in Manchester ils se sont retrouvés à Manchester;∎ to end up in hospital/in prison finir à l'hôpital/en prison;∎ if you keep driving like that, you're going to end up killing yourself si tu continues à conduire comme ça, tu finiras par te tuer;∎ to end up doing sth finir par faire qch;∎ to end up (as) the boss/on the dole finir patron/chômeur;∎ I wonder what he'll end up as/how he'll end up je me demande ce qu'il deviendra/comment il finira -
9 Anglo-Portuguese Alliance
The world's oldest diplomatic connection and alliance, an enduring arrangement between two very different nations and peoples, with important practical consequences in the domestic and foreign affairs of both Great Britain (England before 1707) and Portugal. The history of this remarkable alliance, which has had commercial and trade, political, foreign policy, cultural, and imperial aspects, can be outlined in part with a list of the main alliance treaties after the first treaty of commerce and friendship signed between the monarchs of England and Portugal in 1373. This was followed in 1386 by the Treaty of Windsor; then in 1654, 1661, 1703, the Methuen Treaty; and in 1810 and 1899 another treaty also signed at Windsor.Common interests in the defense of the nation and its overseas empire (in the case of Portugal, after 1415; in the case of England, after 1650) were partly based on characteristics and common enemies both countries shared. Even in the late Middle Ages, England and Portugal faced common enemies: large continental countries that threatened the interests and sovereignty of both, especially France and Spain. In this sense, the Anglo-Portuguese Alliance has always been a defensive alliance in which each ally would assist the other when necessary against its enemies. In the case of Portugal, that enemy invariably was Spain (or component states thereof, such as Castile and Leon) and sometimes France (i.e., when Napoleon's armies invaded and conquered Portugal as of late 1807). In the case of England, that foe was often France and sometimes Spain as well.Beginning in the late 14th century, England and Portugal forged this unusual relationship, formalized with several treaties that came into direct use during a series of dynastic, imperial, naval, and commercial conflicts between 1373 and 1961, the historic period when the Anglo-Portuguese Alliance had its most practical political significance. The relative world power and importance of each ally has varied over the centuries. During the period 1373-1580, the allies were similar in respective ranking in European affairs, and during the period 1480-1550, if anything, Portugal was a greater world power with a more important navy than England. During 1580-1810, Portugal fell to the status of a third-rank European power and, during 1810-1914, England was perhaps the premier world power. During 1914-61, England's world position slipped while Portugal made a slow recovery but remained a third- or fourth-rank power.The commercial elements of the alliance have always involved an exchange of goods between two seafaring, maritime peoples with different religions and political systems but complementary economies. The 1703 Methuen Treaty establ ished a trade link that endured for centuries and bore greater advantages for England than for Portugal, although Portugal derived benefits: English woolens for Portuguese wines, especially port, other agricultural produce, and fish. Since the signing of the Methuen Treaty, there has been a vigorous debate both in politics and in historical scholarship as to how much each nation benefited economically from the arrangement in which Portugal eventually became dependent upon England and the extent to which Portugal became a kind of economic colony of Britain during the period from 1703 to 1910.There is a vast literature on the Alliance, much of it in Portuguese and by Portuguese writers, which is one expression of the development of modern Portuguese nationalism. During the most active phase of the alliance, from 1650 to 1945, there is no doubt but that the core of the mutual interests of the allies amounted to the proposition that Portugal's independence as a nation in Iberia and the integrity of its overseas empire, the third largest among the colonial powers as of 1914, were defended by England, who in turn benefited from the use by the Royal Navy of Portugal's home and colonial ports in times of war and peace. A curious impact on Portuguese and popular usage had also come about and endured through the impact of dealings with the English allies. The idiom in Portuguese, "é para inglês ver," means literally "it is for the Englishman to see," but figuratively it really means, "it is merely for show."The practical defense side of the alliance was effectively dead by the end of World War II, but perhaps the most definitive indication of the end of the political significance of an alliance that still continues in other spheres occurred in December 1961, when the army of the Indian Union invaded Portugal's colonial enclaves in western India, Goa, Damão, and Diu. While both nations were now North Atlantic Treaty Organization allies, their interests clashed when it came to imperial and Commonwealth conflicts and policies. Portugal asked Britain for military assistance in the use of British bases against the army of Britain's largest former colony, India. But Portugal was, in effect, refused assistance by her oldest ally. If the alliance continues into the 21st century, its essence is historical, nostalgic, commercial, and cultural.See also Catherine of Braganza.Historical dictionary of Portugal > Anglo-Portuguese Alliance
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10 end
end
1. noun1) (the last or farthest part of the length of something: the house at the end of the road; both ends of the room; Put the tables end to end (= with the end of one touching the end of another); (also adjective) We live in the end house.) final, extremo, cabo2) (the finish or conclusion: the end of the week; The talks have come to an end; The affair is at an end; He is at the end of his strength; They fought bravely to the end; If she wins the prize we'll never hear the end of it (= she will often talk about it).) fin, final, conclusión3) (death: The soldiers met their end bravely.) muerte4) (an aim: What end have you in view?) objetivo, finalidad5) (a small piece left over: cigarette ends.) resto
2. verb(to bring or come to an end: The scheme ended in disaster; How does the play end?; How should I end (off) this letter?) terminar- ending- endless
- at a loose end
- end up
- in the end
- make both ends meet
- make ends meet
- no end of
- no end
- on end
- put an end to
- the end
end1 n final / finturn right at the end of this street al final de esta calle, gira a la derechaend2 vb terminar / acabarhow does the film end? ¿cómo acaba la película?tr[end]1 (extremity - of rope) cabo; (- of street, room, queue) final nombre masculino; (- of table, sofa, bed, line) extremo; (- of stick, tail, hair) punta; (- of box) lado■ have you got enough money to last until the end of the month? ¿tienes suficiente dinero para llegar hasta final del mes?■ what did you think of the end of the film? ¿qué te pareció el final de la película?3 (aim) objeto, objetivo, fin nombre masculino4 (remnant) resto, cabo; (of cigarette) colilla5 euphemistic use muerte nombre femenino6 (on telephone) lado (de la línea)7 (half of sports pitch) lado1 final, último,-a1 (conclude) acabar, terminar2 (stop) terminar, poner fin a, acabar con1 acabar, terminar■ when does term end? ¿cuándo acaba el trimestre?\SMALLIDIOMATIC EXPRESSION/SMALL(not) to be the end of the world (no) ser el fin del mundoat the end of al final deat the end of one's tether hasta la coronillaat the end of the day al fin y al cabo, al finalend on de frenteend to end juntando los dos extremosin the end al finno end muchísimono end of la mar de, la tira de, cantidad detill the end of time para siempre másto be an end in itself ser un fin en sí mismoto be at a loose end no tener nada que hacerto be at an end estar acabado,-ato be the end ser el colmoto come/draw to an end acabarseto end it all suicidarseto go to the ends of the earth ir hasta el fin del mundo, ir hasta los confines de la tierrato keep one's end up seguir animado,-ato make ends meet llegar a final de mesto put an end to something poner fin a algo, acabar con algoend product producto finalloose ends cabos nombre masculino plural sueltosend ['ɛnd] vt1) stop: terminar, poner fin a2) conclude: concluir, terminarend vi: terminar(se), acabar, concluir(se)end n1) extremity: extremo m, final m, punta f2) conclusion: fin m, final m3) aim: fin madj.• final adj.n.• acabamiento s.m.• cabo s.m.• cola s.f.• extremo s.m.• fin s.m.• final s.m.• finalidad s.f.• límite s.m.• objeto s.m.• término s.m.v.• acabar v.• cesar v.• clausurar v.• concluir v.• terminar v.• ultimar v.end
I
1)at the other/far end of the garden — al otro extremo/al fondo del jardín
from one end of the country to the other — de punta a punta or de un extremo a otro del país
to stand something on (its) end — poner* algo vertical, parar algo (AmL)
for weeks on end — durante semanas y semanas, durante semanas enteras
it measured five feet (from) end to end — medía cinco pies de un lado al otro or de punta a punta
not to know/be able to tell one end of something from the other — no tener* ni idea de algo (fam)
to be at the end of one's rope o (BrE) tether: I'm at the end of my rope ya no puedo más or ya no aguanto más; to go off at the deep end (colloq) ponerse* como una fiera; to make ends meet — llegar* a fin de mes; see also deep end
b) (part, side) (colloq) parte f (fam)are there any problems at your end? — ¿hay algún problema por tu lado?
c) ( remaining part) final m, resto m2)a) (finish, close) fin m, final mshe read it to the very end — lo leyó hasta el fin or final
just give him the money and let that be an end of o to it — dale el dinero y que no se hable más
that was the end of the story — ahí (se) acabó or terminó la historia
to put an end to something — poner* fin or poner* punto final a algo
at the end of the day — ( finally) al fin y al cabo, a fin de cuentas; ( lit) al acabar or terminar el día
b) (death, destruction) final m, fin mthey met a violent end — tuvieron un final or fin violento
to come to a sticky end — (BrE) acabar or terminar mal
c) ( outcome) final md)no end — (BrE colloq)
3) ( purpose) fin mto use something for one's own ends — usar algo para sus (or mis etc) propios fines
to this end — (frml) con or a este fin (frml)
II
1.
a) ( stop) \<\<argument/discussion/fight\>\> terminar, dar* or poner* fin a; \<\<gossip/speculation\>\> acabar or terminar conb) ( conclude) terminar, concluir* (frml)
2.
vi acabar, terminarit will all end in tears — va a acabar or terminar mal
a word ending in `x' — una palabra que termina en `x'
Phrasal Verbs:- end up[end]1. N1) [of street] final m ; [of line, table] extremo m ; [of rope, stick] punta f ; [of estate] límite m ; (Sport) lado m ; [of town] parte f, zona f•
at the end of — [+ street, corridor] al final de; [+ rope, cable] en la punta de•
to change ends — (Sport) cambiar de lado•
the ends of the earth — (fig) el ultimo rincón del mundo•
from one end to the other — de un extremo a otro•
the end of the line — (fig) el término, el acabóse•
to stand sth on end — poner algo de punta•
the end of the road — (fig) el término, el acabóse•
from end to end — de punta a punta•
to read a book to the very end — leer un libro hasta el mismo final•
to start at the wrong end — empezar por el fin- keep one's end up- tie up the loose ends- make ends meet- get hold of the wrong end of the stick- be at the end of one's tetherdeep 1., 1), shallow 1., 1)2) [of time, process, journey, resources] fin m, final m ; [of story] fin m, conclusión ftowards the end of — [+ book, film] hacia el final de; [+ century] hacia fines de; [+ month] hacia fin de
that was the end of that! — ¡y se acabó!
•
to be at an end — [meeting, interview] haber concluidoto be at the end of — [+ strength, patience] estar al límite de
•
to come to a bad end — acabar mal•
to the bitter end — hasta el último suspiro•
to come to an end — llegar a su fin, terminarse•
to draw to an end — llegar a su fin, terminarse•
I am getting to the end of my patience — estoy llegando al límite de mi paciencia•
in the end — al fin•
to make an end of — acabar con, poner fin a•
I enjoyed it no end * — me gustó muchísimono end of an expert — sumamente experto, más experto que nadie
•
three days on end — tres días seguidosfor days on end — día tras día, durante una infinidad de días
•
that's the end! * — ¡eso es el colmo!he's the end! * — ¡es el colmo!
that movie is the end! — (US) * esa película es el no va más
•
without end — interminable3) (=death) liter or hum muerte f4) (=remnant) [of loaf, candle, meat] resto m, cabo mcigarette 2.the end of a roll — [of cloth, carpet] el retal de un rollo
5) (=aim) fin m, propósito m•
to achieve one's end — alcanzar su objetivo•
to no end — en vanoto the end that... — a fin de que + subjun
to this end, with this end in view — con este propósito
•
with what end? — ¿para qué?2.VT [+ argument] terminar, poner fin a; [+ book] concluir; [+ speech] concluir, terminar; [+ relationship] terminar; [+ abuse, speculation] acabar con•
that was the meal to end all meals! * — ¡eso fue el no va más en comidas!•
to end it all * — suicidarse3.VI [lesson, work, war, meeting] terminar, acabar, concluir more frm ; [road] terminar(se); [period of time, programme, film, story] terminar•
to end by saying — terminar diciendo•
to end in — terminar en4.CPDend date N — [of contract] fecha f de terminación
end game N — (Chess) fase f final
end line N — (Basketball) línea f de fondo
end product N — (Ind) producto m final; (fig) consecuencia f
end result N — resultado m
end table N — (US) mesita f (para poner revistas, bebidas)
end user N — usuario(-a) m / f final
end zone N — (American Ftbl) zona f de marca
- end off- end up* * *[end]
I
1)at the other/far end of the garden — al otro extremo/al fondo del jardín
from one end of the country to the other — de punta a punta or de un extremo a otro del país
to stand something on (its) end — poner* algo vertical, parar algo (AmL)
for weeks on end — durante semanas y semanas, durante semanas enteras
it measured five feet (from) end to end — medía cinco pies de un lado al otro or de punta a punta
not to know/be able to tell one end of something from the other — no tener* ni idea de algo (fam)
to be at the end of one's rope o (BrE) tether: I'm at the end of my rope ya no puedo más or ya no aguanto más; to go off at the deep end (colloq) ponerse* como una fiera; to make ends meet — llegar* a fin de mes; see also deep end
b) (part, side) (colloq) parte f (fam)are there any problems at your end? — ¿hay algún problema por tu lado?
c) ( remaining part) final m, resto m2)a) (finish, close) fin m, final mshe read it to the very end — lo leyó hasta el fin or final
just give him the money and let that be an end of o to it — dale el dinero y que no se hable más
that was the end of the story — ahí (se) acabó or terminó la historia
to put an end to something — poner* fin or poner* punto final a algo
at the end of the day — ( finally) al fin y al cabo, a fin de cuentas; ( lit) al acabar or terminar el día
b) (death, destruction) final m, fin mthey met a violent end — tuvieron un final or fin violento
to come to a sticky end — (BrE) acabar or terminar mal
c) ( outcome) final md)no end — (BrE colloq)
3) ( purpose) fin mto use something for one's own ends — usar algo para sus (or mis etc) propios fines
to this end — (frml) con or a este fin (frml)
II
1.
a) ( stop) \<\<argument/discussion/fight\>\> terminar, dar* or poner* fin a; \<\<gossip/speculation\>\> acabar or terminar conb) ( conclude) terminar, concluir* (frml)
2.
vi acabar, terminarit will all end in tears — va a acabar or terminar mal
a word ending in `x' — una palabra que termina en `x'
Phrasal Verbs:- end up -
11 damage
A n ¢1 ( physical) (to building, machine, goods, environment) dégâts mpl (to causés à ; from causés par) ; to do ou cause damage causer des dégâts ; not much damage was done to the car la voiture n'a pas été très endommagée ; damage of £300 was done to the car la voiture a subi pour 300 livres sterling de dégâts ; storm damage dégâts dûs aux intempéries ; water/frost damage dégâts des eaux/du gel ; criminal damage Jur (actes de) vandalisme ; damage to property Jur dégâts matériels ; damage or loss Insur dégâts et pertes ;2 ( medical) lésions fpl ; to cause damage to abîmer [health, part of body] ; (irreversible) brain damage lésions fpl cérébrales (irréversibles) ; psychological damage traumatisme m psychologique ;3 fig to do damage to porter atteinte à [cause, relationship, reputation, self-confidence, trade] ; political damage dommage m politique ; (a lot of) damage was done to sth qch a été (sérieusement) atteint ; it's too late, the damage is done trop tard, le mal est fait.B damages npl Jur dommages-interêts mpl, dommages mpl et intérêts mpl ; to claim for damages réclamer des dommages-intérêts (against sb à qn) ; a claim for damages une demande de dommages-intérêts ; he paid £700 (in) damages il a payé 700 livres sterling de dommages-intérêts ; damages for loss of earnings dommages-intérêts pour manque à gagner ; agreed damages dommages-intérêts fixés ; to be liable for damages être civilement responsable.C vtr1 ( physically) endommager [building, machine, furniture] ; abîmer [health, part of body] ; nuire à [environment, crop] ;2 fig porter atteinte à [reputation, career, relationship, confidence, organization, negotiations] ; damaged child Psych enfant traumatisé.what's the damage ○ ? à combien se monte la douloureuse ○ ? -
12 form
1. nounform of address — [Form der] Anrede
in human form — in menschlicher Gestalt; in Menschengestalt
in the form of — in Form von od. + Gen.
in book form — in Buchform; als Buch
take form — Gestalt annehmen od. gewinnen
3) (printed sheet) Formular, das4) (Brit. Sch.) Klasse, die5) (bench) Bank, diepeak form — Bestform, die
out of form — außer Form; nicht in Form
in [good] form — (lit. or fig.) [gut] in Form
she was in great form at the party — (fig.) bei der Party war sie groß in Form
on/off form — (lit. or fig.) in/nicht in Form
on/judging by [past/present] form — (fig.) nach der Papierform
true to form — (fig.) wie üblich od. zu erwarten
8) (etiquette)good/bad form — gutes/schlechtes Benehmen
9) (figure) Gestalt, die10) (Ling.) Form, die2. transitive verbbe formed from something — aus etwas entstehen
3) sich (Dat.) bilden [Meinung, Urteil]; gewinnen [Eindruck]; fassen [Entschluss, Plan]; kommen zu [Schluss]; (acquire, develop) entwickeln [Vorliebe, Gewohnheit, Wunsch]; schließen [Freundschaft]4) (constitute, compose, be, become) bilden3. intransitive verbSchleswig once formed [a] part of Denmark — Schleswig war einmal ein Teil von Dänemark
(come into being) sich bilden; [Idee:] sich formen, Gestalt annehmen* * *I 1. [fo:m] noun2) (a kind, type or variety: What form of ceremony usually takes place when someone gets a promotion?) die Art3) (a document containing certain questions, the answers to which must be written on it: an application form.) das Formular4) (a fixed way of doing things: forms and ceremonies.) die Formalität5) (a school class: He is in the sixth form.) die Klasse2. verb2) (to come into existence; to take shape: An idea slowly formed in his mind.) Gestalt annehmen3) (to organize or arrange (oneself or other people) into a particular order: The women formed (themselves) into three groups.) formieren4) (to be; to make up: These lectures form part of the medical course.) bilden•- academic.ru/28940/formation">formation- be in good form
- in the form of II [fo:m] noun(a long, usually wooden seat: The children were sitting on forms.) die Bank* * *[fɔ:m, AM fɔ:rm]I. nthe dictionary is also available in electronic \form es ist auch eine elektronische Version des Wörterbuchs erhältlichflu can take several different \forms eine Grippe kann sich in verschiedenen Formen äußernart \form Kunstform f\form of exercise Sportart f\form of government Regierungsform f\form of a language Sprachvariante flife \form Lebensform f\form of transport Transportart f\forms of worship Formen fpl der Gottesverehrungsupport in the \form of money Unterstützung in Form von Geldhelp in the \form of two police officers Hilfe in Gestalt von zwei Polizeibeamtenthe training programme takes the \form of a series of workshops die Schulung wird in Form einer Serie von Workshops abgehaltenin any [shape or] \form in jeglicher Formhe's opposed to censorship in any shape or \form er ist gegen jegliche Art von Zensurin some \form or other auf die eine oder andere Artapplication \form Bewerbungsbogen mbooking \form BRITreservation \form AM Buchungsformular ntentry \form Anmeldeformular morder \form Bestellschein mprinted \form Vordruck mher slender \form ihre schlanke Gestaltthe lawn was laid out in the \form of a figure eight der Rasen war in Form einer Acht angelegtthey made out a shadowy \form in front of them vor ihnen konnten sie den Umriss einer Gestalt ausmachenthe human \form die menschliche Gestaltto take \form Form [o Gestalt] annehmen\form and content Form und Inhaltshape and \form Form und GestaltI really need to get back in \form ich muss wirklich mal wieder etwas für meine Kondition tunto be in excellent [or superb] \form in Topform seinto be in good \form [gut] in Form seinto be out of \form nicht in Form seinthe whole team was on good \form die ganze Mannschaft zeigte vollen Einsatzshe was in great \form at her wedding party bei ihrer Hochzeitsfeier war sie ganz in ihrem ElementSunset's recent \forms are excellent die letzten Formen von Sunset sind hervorragendto study the \form die Form prüfenwhat's the \form? was ist üblich [o das übliche Verfahren]?conventional social \forms konventionelle Formen gesellschaftlichen Umgangsa matter of \form eine Formsachepartners of employees are invited as a matter of \form die Partner der Angestellten werden der Form halber eingeladenfor \form['s sake] aus Formgründento run true to \form wie zu erwarten [ver]laufentrue to \form he arrived an hour late wie immer kam er eine Stunde zu spätwhat's the infinitive \form of the verb? wie lautet der Infinitiv von dem Verb?to have \form vorbestraft sein[printing] \form [Satz]form fmatter and \form Stoff und Form19.II. vt1. (shape)▪ to \form sth etw formen\form the dough into balls den Teig zu Bällchen formenthese islands were \formed as a result of a series of volcanic eruptions diese Inseln entstanden durch eine Reihe von Vulkanausbrüchen2. (arrange)▪ to \form sth etw bildenthey \formed themselves into three lines sie stellten sich in drei Reihen aufto \form a circle/queue einen Kreis/eine Schlange bildento \form groups Gruppen bilden3. (set up)▪ to \form sth etw gründenthe company was \formed in 1892 die Firma wurde 1892 gegründetthey \formed themselves into a pressure group sie gründeten eine Pressuregroupto \form a band eine Band gründento \form committee/government ein Komitee/eine Regierung bildento \form friendships Freundschaften schließena newly-\formed political party eine neu gegründete politische Parteito \form a relationship eine Verbindung eingehen4. (constitute)▪ to \form sth etw bilden [o darstellen]the trees \form a natural protection from the sun's rays die Bäume stellen einen natürlichen Schutz gegen die Sonnenstrahlen darto \form part of sth Teil einer S. gen sein5. LINGto \form a sentence/the past tense/a new word einen Satz/die Vergangenheit[szeit]/ein neues Wort bilden▪ to \form sth/sb etw/jdn formenthe media play an important role in \forming public opinion die Medien spielen eine große Rolle bei der öffentlichen Meinungsbildungto \form sb's character jds Charakter formenhis strong features \formed into a smile of pleasure ein vergnügtes Lächeln legte sich auf seine markanten Züge* * *[fɔːm]1. n1) Form fforms of worship — Formen pl der Gottesverehrung
a form of apology —
in the form of — in Form von or +gen; (with reference to people) in Gestalt von or +gen
water in the form of ice —
her letters are to be published in book form — ihre Briefe sollen in Buchform or als Buch erscheinen
4) (ART, MUS, LITER: structure) Form fthe plural form — die Pluralform, der Plural
7) no pl (= etiquette) (Umgangs)form fhe did it for form's sake — er tat es der Form halber
it's bad form — so etwas tut man einfach nicht
8) (= document) Formular nt, Vordruck m9) (= physical condition) Form f, Verfassung fto be in fine or good form — gut in Form sein, in guter Form or Verfassung sein
to be on/off form — in/nicht in or außer Form sein
he was in great form that evening —
past form — Papierform f
on past form — auf dem Papier
10) (esp Brit: bench) Bank f12) no pl (Brit inf= criminal record)
to have form — vorbestraft sein13) (TECH: mould) Form f14)See:= forme2. vt1) (= shape) formen, gestalten (into zu); (GRAM) plural, negative bilden3) (= develop) liking, desire, idea, habit entwickeln; friendship schließen, anknüpfen; opinion sich (dat) bilden; impression gewinnen; plan ausdenken, entwerfen4) (= set up, organize) government, committee bilden; company, society, political party gründen, ins Leben rufen5) (= constitute, make up) part, basis bildenthe committee is formed of... — der Ausschuss wird von... gebildet
6) (= take the shape or order of) circle, pattern bildenor line (US) — eine Schlange bilden
3. vi1) (= take shape) Gestalt annehmen2) (ESP MIL) sich aufstellen or formieren, antreten/into two lines —
to form into a square to form into battle order — sich im Karree aufstellen sich zur Schlachtordnung formieren
* * *form [fɔː(r)m]A s1. Form f, Gestalt f:in the form of in Form von (od gen);in tablet form in Tablettenform2. TECH Form f:a) Fasson fb) Schablone f3. Form f:a) Art f:form of government Regierungsform;b) Art f und Weise f, Verfahrensweise f4. Formular n, Vordruck m:form letter Schemabrief m5. (literarische etc) Formform class LINGa) Wortart f,b) morphologische Klasse7. PHIL Form f:a) Wesen n, Natur fb) Gestalt f8. Erscheinungsform f, -weise f9. Sitte f, Brauch m10. (herkömmliche) gesellschaftliche Form, Manieren pl, Benehmen n:good (bad) form guter (schlechter) Ton;it is good (bad) form es gehört sich (nicht);for form’s sake der Form halber12. Zeremonie f13. MATH, TECH Formel f:form of oath JUR Eidesformelon form der Form nach;feel in good form sich gut in Form fühlen;at the top of one’s form, in great form in Hochform;be in very poor form in einem Formtief stecken15. a) ( besonders lange) Bank (ohne Rückenlehne)b) Br obs (Schul) Bank f16. besonders Br (Schul) Klasse f:form master (mistress) Klassenlehrer(in)18. Br sl Vorstrafen(liste) pl(f):he’s got form er ist vorbestraftB v/i1. formen, gestalten ( beide:into zu;after, on, upon nach):form a government eine Regierung bilden;form a company eine Gesellschaft gründen;they formed themselves into groups sie schlossen sich zu Gruppen zusammen;they formed themselves into two groups sie bildeten zwei Gruppen2. den Charakter etc formen, bilden3. a) einen Teil etc bilden, ausmachen, darstellenb) dienen als4. (an)ordnen, zusammenstellen6. einen Plan etc fassen, entwerfen, ersinnen8. Freundschaft etc schließen9. eine Gewohnheit annehmenC v/i* * *1. noun1) (type, style) Form, dieform of address — [Form der] Anrede
in human form — in menschlicher Gestalt; in Menschengestalt
in the form of — in Form von od. + Gen.
in book form — in Buchform; als Buch
take form — Gestalt annehmen od. gewinnen
3) (printed sheet) Formular, das4) (Brit. Sch.) Klasse, die5) (bench) Bank, diepeak form — Bestform, die
out of form — außer Form; nicht in Form
in [good] form — (lit. or fig.) [gut] in Form
she was in great form at the party — (fig.) bei der Party war sie groß in Form
on/off form — (lit. or fig.) in/nicht in Form
7) (Sport): (previous record) bisherige Leistungenon/judging by [past/present] form — (fig.) nach der Papierform
true to form — (fig.) wie üblich od. zu erwarten
8) (etiquette)good/bad form — gutes/schlechtes Benehmen
9) (figure) Gestalt, die10) (Ling.) Form, die2. transitive verb1) (make; also Ling.) bilden3) sich (Dat.) bilden [Meinung, Urteil]; gewinnen [Eindruck]; fassen [Entschluss, Plan]; kommen zu [Schluss]; (acquire, develop) entwickeln [Vorliebe, Gewohnheit, Wunsch]; schließen [Freundschaft]4) (constitute, compose, be, become) bildenSchleswig once formed [a] part of Denmark — Schleswig war einmal ein Teil von Dänemark
5) (establish, set up) bilden [Regierung]; gründen [Bund, Verein, Firma, Partei, Gruppe]3. intransitive verb(come into being) sich bilden; [Idee:] sich formen, Gestalt annehmen* * *Schulklasse f. n.Form -en f.Formblatt n.Formular -e n.Gattung -en f.Gestalt -en f.Schalung -en f. (seating) n.Schulbank m. v.bilden v.formen v.gestalten v. -
13 visit
1. nвизит, посещениеto adjourn visit — откладывать / переносить визит
to be determined to go ahead with one's visit — быть исполненным решимости несмотря ни на что предпринять свой визит
to be exhilarated by one's visit — быть в приподнятом настроении от своего визита
to call off / to cancel a visit — отменять визит
to cut short one's visit — прерывать свой визит
to delay visit — откладывать / переносить визит
to disrupt smb's visit — срывать чей-л. визит
to dominate smb's visit — быть главной целью чьего-л. визита
to end one's visit with no sign of an agreement — заканчивать свой визит, так и не добившись соглашения
to have a visit from smb — принимать кого-л.
to interrupt one's visit — прерывать свой визит
to portray the visit as marking improvement of relations — изображать визит как шаг к улучшению отношений
to preview smb's visit — давать предварительную информацию о чьем-л. визите
to put off a visit — откладывать / переносить визит
to receive a visit from smb — принимать кого-л.
to reinstate a postponed visit — возвращаться к вопросу о визите, который до сих пор откладывался
- assessment of a visitto welcome smb's visit — приветствовать визит кого-л.
- at the end of the visit to a country
- brief visit
- business visit
- ceremonial visit
- courtesy visit
- currently on a visit to Pakistan
- during the visit
- end of a working visit
- exchange of state visits
- exchange of visits by smb
- farewell visit
- flying visit
- forthcoming visit
- friendly visit
- friendship visit
- get-to-know-you visit
- goodwill visit
- highest-ranking visit
- high-level visit
- historic visit
- if all goes well with his visit
- informal visit
- joint visit
- landmark visit
- mutual visits
- official visit
- on the last leg of one's visit
- papal visit
- pastoral visit
- personal visit
- postponement of a visit
- private visit
- projected visit
- reciprocal visit
- return visit
- royal visit
- secret visit
- short visit
- smb's motives for a visit
- social visit
- state visit
- supremely important visit
- surprise visit
- symbolic visit
- there is no political angle to the visit
- there is no political motive behind smb's visit
- timing of the visit
- town-twinning visit
- unannounced visit
- unofficial visit
- unscheduled visit
- upcoming visit
- visit comes at a time when...
- visit comes on the 10th anniversary of smth
- visit has approval of the government
- visit is going ahead
- visit is important for its symbolic value
- visit marks a new stage in relationship
- visit to a country
- visit was lacking in concrete proposals
- visit was marked by more anti-government protests
- visit went sour
- visit will take in every major city
- week-long visit
- working visit 2. vпосещать, наносить визит, находиться с визитом (где-л.) -
14 dynamite
I ['daɪnəmaɪt]1) dinamite f.2) fig.II ['daɪnəmaɪt]this story is political dynamite — dal punto di vista politico, questa storia è dinamite
verbo transitivo fare saltare con la dinamite* * *(a type of powerful explosive.) dinamite* * *dynamite /ˈdaɪnəmaɪt/A n. [u]1 dinamite ( anche fig.: notizia esplosiva): a stick of dynamite, un candelotto di dinamite; Her revelations about their relationship were dynamite, le sue rivelazioni sulla loro relazione erano dinamite2 (fam. antiq.) cosa (o persona) eccezionale; una cannonata (fig.): Their first album was dynamite, il loro primo album era una cannonata; As a dancer she is dynamite, come ballerina è eccezionaleB a.2 (fam.) eccezionale; favoloso: a dynamite performance, una performance eccezionale; Their dynamite striker is only 18, il loro supercannoniere ha solo 18 anni.(to) dynamite /ˈdaɪnəmaɪt/v. t.far saltare con la dinamite.* * *I ['daɪnəmaɪt]1) dinamite f.2) fig.II ['daɪnəmaɪt]this story is political dynamite — dal punto di vista politico, questa storia è dinamite
verbo transitivo fare saltare con la dinamite -
15 big brass
разг.1) генералы, генералитет, высокопоставленные военные [первонач. амер.]The wide extent of the big corporations power and control is further shown by the inter-relationship of Big Business and Big Brass, and the moving in of the military men into diplomatic and political circles. (‘Political Affairs’) — Еще одним свидетельством усиления власти и контроля, осуществляемых крупными корпорациями, является дальнейшее сближение большого бизнеса с генералитетом и проникновение военных в сферы дипломатии и политики.
2) руководящая верхушка, высокое начальство -
16 alliance
1. n союз, объединение; связь; соединение, слияние; интеграцияto dissolve an alliance — разорвать союз; выйти из союза
to revoke an alliance — разорвать союз; выйти из союза
2. n союз; альянс3. n союз, объединение, ассоциация, федерация4. n брак; брачный союз5. n родство, общностьСинонимический ряд:1. association (noun) adherence; anschluss; association; bloc; cahoots; coalition; confederacy; confederation; conjointment; conjunction; connection; co-operation; federation; hookup; league; partnership; tie-up; togetherness; union2. combination (noun) affiliation; affinity; combination; compact; coupling; intermarriage; marriage; merger; relationshipАнтонимический ряд:disruption; disunion; divorce; enmity; estrangement; hostility; separation -
17 Weber, Max
(1864–1920) Gen MgtGerman sociologist. Remembered for his work on power and authority, published in Theory of Social and Economic Organization (1924), where he proposed bureaucracy as the most efficient form of organization.After studying legal and economic history, Weber was a law professor at the University of Freiburg and later at the University of Heidelberg. He studied the sociology of religion and in this area he produced his best-known work, The Protestant Work Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalism (1904). In political sociology he examined the relationship between social and economic organizations. Towards the end of his life, Weber developed his political interests and was on the committee that drafted the constitution of the Weimar Republic in 1918. -
18 access
ˈækses
1. сущ.
1) доступ on open access ≈ в открытом доступе to deny access ≈ запретить доступ to gain, get access ≈ получить доступ to have access to ≈ иметь доступ к access to markets ≈ доступ к рынкам access to shelves ≈ открытый доступ к книгам (в библиотеке) easy of access ≈ доступный The facilities have been adapted to give access to wheelchair users. ≈ Были сделаны приспособления, делающие возможным вход в помещение людям, которые передвигаются на колясках. For political reasons scientists have only recently been able to gain access to the area. ≈ По политическим мотивам ученые только недавно получили возможность посещения данного района. My ex-wife deliberately sabotages my access to the children. ≈ Моя бывшая жена умышленно срывает мои свидания с детьми. difficult of access ≈ неприступный, труднодоступный direct access easy access free access limited access unlimited access
2) проход;
подход access duct ≈ входной канал access road ≈ подъездной путь access control ≈ ограничение въезда
3) книж. приступ( гнева, болезни)
4) компьют. доступ access address ≈ указатель, ссылка access control ≈ контроль за доступом, управление доступом access time ≈ время доступа;
время выборки из памяти ЭВМ direct memory access ≈ прямой доступ в память queued access ≈ доступ с организацией очереди random access ≈ произвольный (прямой) доступ remote access ≈ теледоступ, дистанционный доступ sequential access ≈ последовательный доступ zero access ≈ быстрый доступ
2. гл. иметь доступ, получить доступ (к чему-л.) The library's statistical section uses its Polis terminal to access various statistical databases. ≈ Статистический отдел библиотеки использует свой терминал, чтобы получить доступ к различным статистическим базам данных.доступ;
- * to markets доступ к рынкам;
- * to shelves открытый доступ к полкам в библиотеке;
- on open * в открытом доступе;
- to have * to иметь доступ к;
- easy of * доступный;
- difficult of * труднодоступный, малодоступный подход;
проход;
подступ;
- * door лаз;
горловина;
- * duct входной канал;
- * gully (техническое) смотровой канализационный колодец;
- * to the island подход к острову въезд (на дорогу) ;
дорожный подъезд;
- * road подъездной путь;
- * control ограничение въезда (книжное) приступ, припадок( гнева, болезни и т. п.) ;
- * of grief порыв горя добавление, прирост;
- * of tone нарастание звука (книжное) приближение, наступление, приход;
- * and recess of the sea морской прилив и отлив - * of winter наступление зимы (компьютерное) доступ к ЭВМ;
- queued * доступ с очередями;
- random * произвольный доступ;
- sequential * последовательный доступ;
- zero * быстрый доступ;
- remote * теледоступ, дистанционный доступ;
- direct memory * прямой доступ в память;
- * right право доступа;
- * address указатель, ссылка;
- * control контроль доступа, управление доступом возможность выступить по телевидению;
- * television телепередача, проводимая отдельной группой населения или организацией иметь доступ к чему-л. производить машинный поиск данныхaccess вчт. выборка ~ добавление ~ вчт. доступ ~ доступ ~ вчт. обращение ~ подход ~ приступ (гнева, болезни) ~ проход;
подход~ by key вчт. доступ по ключу~ denied вчт. доступ не разрешен~ file attribute вчт. атрибут доступа к файлу~ path length вчт. длина пути доступа~ to вчт. доступ к~ to education доступ к образованию~ to purchase возможность покупки~ to rediscounting of deposits возможность переучета депозитов~ to sea выход к морюad hoc ~ вчт. эпизодический доступarbitrary ~ вчт. произвольный доступblocked ~ вчт. заблокированный доступchained ~ вчт. цепной доступclustered ~ вчт. групповой доступconcurrent ~ вчт. одновременная выборкаconflict-free ~ вчт. безконфликтная выборкаcyclic ~ вчт. циклический доступdelayed ~ вчт. задержанная выборкаdiagnostic ~ вчт. доступ для диагностического контроляdial-up ~ вчт. наборный доступdirect ~ вчт. прямой доступdirect disk ~ вчт. прямой доступ к дискуdirect memory ~ вчт. прямой доступ в памятьdisplay ~ вчт. выборка изображенияdistributed ~ вчт. распределенный доступeasy ~ легкий доступexclusive ~ вчт. монопольный доступfailure ~ вчт. ошибочное обращениеfast ~ вчт. быстрый доступfile ~ denied вчт. нет доступа к файлуfree market ~ свободный доступ к рынкуgive ~ давать доступillegal ~ вчт. неразрешенный доступ illegal ~ вчт. несанкционированный доступimmediate ~ вчт. немедленный доступindexed ~ вчт. индексный доступindexed sequential ~ method вчт. индексно-последовательный доступinstantaneous ~ вчт. немедленная выборка instantaneous ~ вчт. немедленный доступkey ~ вчт. доступ по ключуkeyed ~ вчт. ключевой доступliberal ~ свободный доступliberalized ~ to свободный доступ кlibrary ~ вчт. библиотечный доступ library ~ вчт. обращение к библиотекеmagnetic drum ~ вчт. выборка с магнитнитного барабанаmarket ~ доступ к рынкуmemory ~ вчт. обращение к памятиmenu-driven ~ вчт. доступ в режиме менюmultiple ~ вчт. коллективный доступ multiple ~ вчт. множественный доступ multiple ~ вчт. мультидоступ multiple ~ вчт. параллельный доступmultiple terminal ~ вчт. мультитерминальный доступmutually esclusive ~ вчт. взаимоисключающий доступobtain ~ вчт. получать доступon-line ~ вчт. неавтономный доступparallel ~ вчт. параллельный доступqueued ~ вчт. доступ с организацией очередиqueued ~ method вчт. метод доступа с очередямиqueued sequential ~ method вчт. метод последовательного доступа с очередямиqueued telecommunication ~ method вчт. телекоммуникационный метод доступа с очередямиrandom ~ вчт. произвольная выборка random ~ вчт. произвольный доступ random ~ вчт. прямой доступrapid ~ вчт. быстрая выборкаreal-time ~ вчт. доступ в реальном времениrelationship ~ вчт. доступ по отношениюremote ~ вчт. дистанционная выборка remote ~ вчт. дистанционный доступ remote ~ вчт. удаленный доступrestricted ~ вчт. ограниченный доступright of ~ право доступа right: ~ of access право доступа ~ of access право обращенияseek ~ вчт. запрашивать доступsemidirect ~ вчт. полупрямой доступsequential ~ вчт. метод последовательного доступа;
последовательный доступ sequential ~ comp. последовательная выборка sequential ~ comp. последовательный доступserial ~ вчт. последовательный доступsimultaneous ~ вчт. одновременная выборкаsingle-user ~ вчт. доступ для единственного пользователяstorage ~ вчт. выборка из ЗУ storage ~ вчт. обращение к зуtelecommunication ~ method телекоммуникационный метод доступаtime-division multiple ~ вчт. множественный доступ с квантованиемtoken ~ вчт. эстафетный доступunauthorized ~ вчт. несанкционированный доступvirtual storage ~ method вчт. виртуальный метод доступаvirtual telecommunication ~ method вчт. виртуальный телекоммуникационный доступworldwide ~ вчт. глобальный доступzero ~ вчт. немедленная выборка -
19 SPR
1) Биология: serial-probe recognition2) Медицина: Society of Pediatric Radiology3) Американизм: Secret Periodic Reinvestigation, Strategic Political Reserve4) Военный термин: Salvage Point Recording, Software Portability Review, System Performance Report, System Performance Requirements, solid-propellant pocket, special program requirements, special programs review, special project report, special-purpose radar, special-purpose requirements, strategic petroleum reserve, supplementary progress report, supply performance report, supply refuelling point, support plans and requirements, system program review6) Шутливое выражение: Sun Paul's Room7) Математика: спектральный радиус (spectral radius)8) Общая лексика: strategic petroleum reserve( стратегические запасы топлива в США)9) Железнодорожный термин: Southern Pacific Railroad10) Юридический термин: Superior Court Special Proceedings Rules (Court Rules)11) Сокращение: Seconds per Rotation, Secure Packet Radio, Simplified Practice Recommendation, Small Parcels and Rolls (also IPP), Society for Pediatric Research, Society for Physical Research, Solid-Propellant Rocket, Special Programme Review, sprinkler13) Электроника: Semiconductor Process Representation14) Биотехнология: Surface Plasmon Resonance15) Фирменный знак: Sierra Pacific Resources16) Глоссарий компании Сахалин Энерджи: SakhalinPrirodResourcy, Sakhalinprirodresourcy, Committee of natural resources, RAA, committee of natural resources17) Полимеры: super-processing rubber18) Сахалин Р: SakhPrirodResources, SakhalinPrirodResources19) Химическое оружие: Software Problem Report20) Авиационная медицина: skin potential reflex21) Расширение файла: Sizzler Animation, Special Purpose Register, Spreadsheet, Sprint Document letter, Sprite graphics image, Statistical Pattern Recognition, Supervisory Printer Read, Symmetrical Phase Recording, Generated executable screen file (FoxPro)22) Нефть и газ: sucker rod pump23) Электротехника: silicon power rectifier25) Общая лексика: Structure Property Relationship -
20 Spr
1) Биология: serial-probe recognition2) Медицина: Society of Pediatric Radiology3) Американизм: Secret Periodic Reinvestigation, Strategic Political Reserve4) Военный термин: Salvage Point Recording, Software Portability Review, System Performance Report, System Performance Requirements, solid-propellant pocket, special program requirements, special programs review, special project report, special-purpose radar, special-purpose requirements, strategic petroleum reserve, supplementary progress report, supply performance report, supply refuelling point, support plans and requirements, system program review6) Шутливое выражение: Sun Paul's Room7) Математика: спектральный радиус (spectral radius)8) Общая лексика: strategic petroleum reserve( стратегические запасы топлива в США)9) Железнодорожный термин: Southern Pacific Railroad10) Юридический термин: Superior Court Special Proceedings Rules (Court Rules)11) Сокращение: Seconds per Rotation, Secure Packet Radio, Simplified Practice Recommendation, Small Parcels and Rolls (also IPP), Society for Pediatric Research, Society for Physical Research, Solid-Propellant Rocket, Special Programme Review, sprinkler13) Электроника: Semiconductor Process Representation14) Биотехнология: Surface Plasmon Resonance15) Фирменный знак: Sierra Pacific Resources16) Глоссарий компании Сахалин Энерджи: SakhalinPrirodResourcy, Sakhalinprirodresourcy, Committee of natural resources, RAA, committee of natural resources17) Полимеры: super-processing rubber18) Сахалин Р: SakhPrirodResources, SakhalinPrirodResources19) Химическое оружие: Software Problem Report20) Авиационная медицина: skin potential reflex21) Расширение файла: Sizzler Animation, Special Purpose Register, Spreadsheet, Sprint Document letter, Sprite graphics image, Statistical Pattern Recognition, Supervisory Printer Read, Symmetrical Phase Recording, Generated executable screen file (FoxPro)22) Нефть и газ: sucker rod pump23) Электротехника: silicon power rectifier25) Общая лексика: Structure Property Relationship
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